Bank and thrift holdings of first-lien mortgages increased in 2012 even as major banks sold sig-nificant amounts of troubled loans. The growth was driven by Wells Fargo and a number of mid-sized banks, holding certain conforming loans in portfolio along with non-agency originations.
In spite of the influx of new human resource assets, banking regulators have a mixed effectiveness when it comes to compliance with their own Dodd-Frank obligations.